黨史百年天天讀 · 3月16日
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重要論述
1940年3月16日
毛(mao)澤東(dong)復電彭(peng)德懷。復電指出：我(wo)(wo)軍(jun)將(jiang)來出路(lu)，實(shi)(shi)在中(zhong)原(yuan)，此時不爭，將(jiang)來更難了。故提議(yi)調三(san)四四旅至隴海、淮河之間，協(xie)助彭(peng)雪楓創立(li)根據(ju)地(di)，并策(ce)應胡服(fu)，將(jiang)來再(zai)調一(yi)(yi)部(bu)深入(ru)蘇北(bei)，使八路(lu)軍(jun)、新四軍(jun)打成一(yi)(yi)片(pian)。這種行動，也即是把一(yi)(yi)個新問題擺在東(dong)邊，使蔣介石、衛立(li)煌注意力不得不轉向(xiang)東(dong)邊，減(jian)輕其對華北(bei)的注意，華北(bei)方能確實(shi)(shi)鞏(gong)固。目前華北(bei)斗爭，在軍(jun)事上必須立(li)即剎住，轉為守勢(shi)，彼(bi)軍(jun)進迫，我(wo)(wo)軍(jun)后退，一(yi)(yi)槍不打，服(fu)從命令(ling)，才能造(zao)成政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)上有(you)理有(you)利地(di)位(wei)。如彼(bi)再(zai)三(san)再(zai)四進迫不已，然(ran)后我(wo)(wo)軍(jun)加(jia)以還擊，其曲在彼(bi)，否則(ze)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)上對我(wo)(wo)甚為不利。這封電報收入(ru)《毛(mao)澤東(dong)文集(ji)》第(di)二卷。
1943年3月16日
毛澤東在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)局(ju)(ju)會(hui)議上講話。談(tan)到(dao)時(shi)(shi)局(ju)(ju)問題(ti)(ti)時(shi)(shi)指(zhi)出：日本(ben)最近從滿洲(zhou)調兵(bing)入關，對(dui)華(hua)采取攻勢。最近國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)電臺與(yu)延(yan)安聯絡(luo)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)國(guo)共(gong)關系好轉(zhuan)(zhuan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表(biao)示。總(zong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)估(gu)計(ji)：日本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)扶(fu)汪打蔣的(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)。國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)在(zai)日本(ben)進(jin)攻下(xia)，外援(yuan)不至，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求內(nei)援(yuan)。國(guo)共(gong)關系有(you)(you)(you)好轉(zhuan)(zhuan)可能。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)抗戰(zhan)(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)打七八年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可能。我(wo)(wo)們(men)仍要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)堅持兩年(nian)到(dao)兩年(nian)半。整個世界形勢和歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展(zhan)對(dui)國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)不利(li)，而對(dui)我(wo)(wo)們(men)有(you)(you)(you)利(li)，但要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)馬(ma)列主(zhu)(zhu)義才能戰(zhan)(zhan)勝國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)。談(tan)到(dao)工作方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)時(shi)(shi)指(zhi)出：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)指(zhi)導，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)達到(dao)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)、準(zhun)備(bei)將來之目的(de)(de)(de)(de)。在(zai)國(guo)際問題(ti)(ti)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)上，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)英(ying)、美、蘇(su)、德(de)、意、日六大國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)三(san)大項(xiang)，去(qu)年(nian)對(dui)日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)最有(you)(you)(you)成(cheng)績。在(zai)國(guo)內(nei)問題(ti)(ti)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)上，國(guo)民黨(dang)(dang)統治(zhi)(zhi)區，主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、文化。根據(ju)地，研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)、軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)、經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)、文教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。政(zheng)(zheng)治(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)政(zheng)(zheng)權(quan)，軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)軍(jun)事(shi)(shi)建設、民兵(bing)建設，經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)公營(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)與(yu)民營(ying)經(jing)(jing)濟(ji)。研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)歷(li)史(shi)，包(bao)括(kuo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)近百年(nian)歷(li)史(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)、中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)黨(dang)(dang)史(shi)研(yan)究(jiu)(jiu)。又指(zhi)出：對(dui)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)他教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)他。教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)包(bao)括(kuo)業務(wu)(wu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)和理(li)論、思(si)(si)想(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，后一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)今(jin)年(nian)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)繼續努力(li)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央直屬(shu)機關干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)進(jin)行(xing)理(li)論、思(si)(si)想(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，讀馬(ma)、恩、列、斯的(de)(de)(de)(de)四十本(ben)書。干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)各種(zhong)(zhong)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)整風(feng)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)與(yu)思(si)(si)想(xiang)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)，在(zai)各種(zhong)(zhong)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)高級干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)重視報(bao)(bao)紙(zhi)(zhi)、電報(bao)(bao)、黨(dang)(dang)務(wu)(wu)廣播(bo)、口(kou)頭報(bao)(bao)告等方(fang)(fang)式開(kai)展(zhan)工作。報(bao)(bao)紙(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)很重要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央同志要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)善于(yu)利(li)用報(bao)(bao)紙(zhi)(zhi)，要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)有(you)(you)(you)一(yi)(yi)半的(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)(shi)間用在(zai)報(bao)(bao)紙(zhi)(zhi)上。馬(ma)克思(si)(si)主(zhu)(zhu)義的(de)(de)(de)(de)靈魂（本(ben)質(zhi)），是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)具體地分析具體問題(ti)(ti)。黨(dang)(dang)務(wu)(wu)廣播(bo)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)黨(dang)(dang)內(nei)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式。我(wo)(wo)們(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)領導要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)聯系群眾(zhong)。方(fang)(fang)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)從下(xia)層總(zong)結經(jing)(jing)驗，然后再加以指(zhi)導，就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)從群眾(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來，到(dao)群眾(zhong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)去(qu)，或者說集中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起(qi)來，堅持下(xia)去(qu)。唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)來源、唯(wei)一(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)出路是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)群眾(zhong)。談(tan)到(dao)工作任(ren)務(wu)(wu)時(shi)(shi)指(zhi)出：中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央機關的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)工作、生產與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)；前(qian)方(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭、生產與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)；后方(fang)(fang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產與(yu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。這種(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)(fang)針(zhen)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)向全體同志說明。公開(kai)說克服困難(nan)，迎接光(guang)明，但在(zai)我(wo)(wo)黨(dang)(dang)高級干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)說明保(bao)存(cun)(cun)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)，積蓄力(li)量(liang)。為(wei)了(le)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)，必須堅決(jue)實行(xing)精簡政(zheng)(zheng)策，反對(dui)敵(di)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)“蠶(can)食”政(zheng)(zheng)策。這就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)(zhan)爭的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)，這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)個任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。第(di)二就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)與(yu)國(guo)民教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)。干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)第(di)一(yi)(yi)，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央對(dui)干(gan)(gan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)教(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)育(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)決(jue)定要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)切實實行(xing)。第(di)三(san)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)任(ren)務(wu)(wu)。用這些方(fang)(fang)法(fa)來達到(dao)保(bao)存(cun)(cun)骨(gu)干(gan)(gan)，準(zhun)備(bei)將來。
1946年3月16日
由劉少奇起草(cao)經毛澤(ze)東修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)的(de)(de)中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央致中(zhong)共(gong)代(dai)表(biao)團電指(zhi)出：國民黨(dang)想采用迂回辦(ban)法(fa)首先(xian)推翻(fan)憲草(cao)原則(ze)，成立獨裁(cai)政府(fu)，則(ze)國大改(gai)(gai)(gai)組、政府(fu)綱(gang)領、整軍等決(jue)議(yi)(yi)勢必成為具文(wen)，對(dui)(dui)此(ci)必須十分警惕(ti)。應即強調政協(xie)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)每一條(tiao)每一句均必須實(shi)(shi)現，對(dui)(dui)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)憲草(cao)原則(ze)及其他(ta)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)的(de)(de)任何主張，均必須予以痛(tong)駁，并要(yao)他(ta)們遵守信(xin)義。在堅持實(shi)(shi)現政協(xie)決(jue)議(yi)(yi)、反(fan)對(dui)(dui)修(xiu)改(gai)(gai)(gai)憲草(cao)原則(ze)的(de)(de)斗爭(zheng)中(zhong)，不要(yao)害怕(pa)破(po)裂。最近時期一切事實(shi)(shi)證明(ming)，蔣介石反(fan)蘇反(fan)共(gong)反(fan)民主的(de)(de)反(fan)動方針一時不會改(gai)(gai)(gai)變。只(zhi)有(you)經過嚴(yan)重斗爭(zheng)，使其知難(nan)而退，才(cai)有(you)作某些較有(you)利于民主的(de)(de)妥協(xie)之可能。
1960年3月16日
毛澤東為(wei)中(zhong)共(gong)中(zhong)央起草(cao)關(guan)于(yu)衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)作指示(shi)。指示(shi)指出：環(huan)境衛(wei)生(sheng)，極為(wei)重要(yao)(yao)，一定要(yao)(yao)使居民(min)養成衛(wei)生(sheng)習(xi)慣，以(yi)(yi)衛(wei)生(sheng)為(wei)光榮，以(yi)(yi)不(bu)衛(wei)生(sheng)為(wei)恥辱(ru)。衛(wei)生(sheng)工(gong)作之所以(yi)(yi)重要(yao)(yao)，是因(yin)為(wei)有(you)利(li)于(yu)生(sheng)產，有(you)利(li)于(yu)工(gong)作，有(you)利(li)于(yu)學習(xi)，有(you)利(li)于(yu)改造我國人(ren)民(min)低弱的體質，使身體康強，環(huan)境清潔。現在(zai)，還(huan)有(you)很(hen)多(duo)人(ren)不(bu)懂這(zhe)個(ge)移風易俗、改造世(shi)界的意義(yi)。因(yin)此必(bi)須大(da)張旗(qi)鼓，大(da)做宣傳(chuan)，使得家(jia)喻戶(hu)曉，人(ren)人(ren)動作起來(lai)(lai)。做這(zhe)件事(shi)(shi)，并沒有(you)什(shen)么了不(bu)得的困難，事(shi)(shi)在(zai)人(ren)為(wei)，一定要(yao)(yao)爭取在(zai)三(san)年內做出大(da)成績(ji)，今年要(yao)(yao)轟(hong)轟(hong)烈烈地行動起來(lai)(lai)。
黨史回眸
1943年
3月(yue)16日(ri)(ri)、20日(ri)(ri) 中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政治局召(zhao)開會(hui)議(yi)，討論調整及精(jing)簡中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)機構、加(jia)強(qiang)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)統一(yi)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)等問題(ti)(ti)。任弼(bi)時(shi)(shi)在會(hui)上報(bao)告中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)機構調整及精(jing)簡草案(an)。會(hui)議(yi)決定(ding)(ding)：毛(mao)(mao)澤東(dong)為中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)政治局主(zhu)席(xi)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)書記(ji)處(chu)主(zhu)席(xi)；毛(mao)(mao)澤東(dong)、劉少奇、任弼(bi)時(shi)(shi)組成(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)書記(ji)處(chu)，根據政治局決定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)處(chu)理日(ri)(ri)常工(gong)作，中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)書記(ji)處(chu)討論的(de)(de)(de)問題(ti)(ti)，主(zhu)席(xi)有最后決定(ding)(ding)權；劉少奇參(can)加(jia)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)共(gong)(gong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)軍委并任軍委副主(zhu)席(xi)。毛(mao)(mao)澤東(dong)在十六(liu)日(ri)(ri)的(de)(de)(de)會(hui)議(yi)上作關于時(shi)(shi)局與方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)問題(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)報(bao)告。關于時(shi)(shi)局問題(ti)(ti)，指(zhi)出：德國是今年(nian)或明年(nian)被打敗，第二條戰線今年(nian)能(neng)否建(jian)立，現(xian)在還(huan)不能(neng)確定(ding)(ding)。鑒于日(ri)(ri)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)進攻，國共(gong)(gong)關系有好轉(zhuan)可能(neng)。中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國抗(kang)戰有打七八年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)可能(neng)，我們還(huan)要堅(jian)持兩(liang)年(nian)到兩(liang)年(nian)半。關于工(gong)作方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)問題(ti)(ti)，指(zhi)出：今年(nian)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)央(yang)(yang)(yang)工(gong)作總(zong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)是要從研究與指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)兩(liang)方(fang)(fang)(fang)面來(lai)(lai)(lai)達到保存(cun)骨干、準備(bei)將來(lai)(lai)(lai)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de)。方(fang)(fang)(fang)針(zhen)(zhen)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)還(huan)要增加(jia)我們的(de)(de)(de)領(ling)(ling)導(dao)(dao)要聯系群眾一(yi)條。方(fang)(fang)(fang)法(fa)是要從下層總(zong)結經驗(yan)，然(ran)后再(zai)加(jia)以(yi)指(zhi)導(dao)(dao)，就(jiu)是從群眾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)(lai)(lai)，到群眾中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)去，或者說集(ji)(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)起來(lai)(lai)(lai)，堅(jian)持下去。
2007年
3月16日 十屆全國(guo)人(ren)大五次會議通過《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)物(wu)權法》和《中(zhong)華人(ren)民共和國(guo)企業(ye)所得稅法》。
歷史瞬間
1935年3月(yue)16日至17日，紅(hong)一方面軍三渡(du)赤水(shui)的渡(du)口之一——茅臺渡(du)口。
來源：中央(yang)黨史(shi)和文獻研究院網(wang)站
